Numerical Analysis of Embedded Walls for Design with Eurocode 7

................................................................................................................................................ii RESUMEN..................................................................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................1 1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.-Embedded walls ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2Regulations in design of embedded walls ...................................................................... 5 2.Methods of Analysis of embedded walls ................................................................................. 7 2.1.Design of embedded cantilever walls with limiting earth pressure method .................... 8 2.2.Geotechnical design with numerical methods: .............................................................. 10 2.2.1.Finite element modelling for earth retaining structures ......................................... 11 2.2.2.Finite element modeling of embedded walls .......................................................... 13 3.Design with Eurocode 7 ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.Partial factoring ............................................................................................................... 17 3.2.Design approaches with Eurocode 7 ............................................................................... 18 3.2.1.Differences and issues with design approaches ...................................................... 19 3.3.Accounting for partial factors of safety in numerical analyses ....................................... 21 3.3.1.Implementation of Material factoring approach; AP1 and AP2. ............................. 22 3.3.2.Principles of numerical application of the factor of safety in AP1 ........................... 24 3.4.Serviceability limit state design of embedded walls ....................................................... 26 3.5.Ultimate limit state design of embedded walls .............................................................. 27 3.5.1.Analysis of embedded walls for ULS checks ............................................................ 28 4.Mohr –Coulomb constitutive model ...................................................................................... 30 4.1.Effect of dilation in geotechnical calculations ................................................................ 34